As the clean waxy crude flows through a cold pipe or conduit with a wall tempera ture below the cloud point of. Pdf components of paraffinbase and naphthenicbase crude. Lyden oil company paraffinic crude vs naphthenic crude. Paraffinoil definition, a white or colorless, tasteless, odorless, waterinsoluble, solid substance not easily acted upon by reagents, consisting of a mixture of hydrocarbons chiefly of the alkane series, obtained from crude petroleum. Crude oil paraffin content refining, hydrocarbons, oil. These characteristics allow for a low pour point on lighter viscosities and a high degree of solvency where heavier viscosities are required. Al troner today the arbitrage window doesnt make much economic sense for most exports light louisiana sweet on the gulf coast is about the same price as brent in the north sea. The molecular weight distribution gpc of the crudes sensitive to additives showed a bimodal character. Crude oil systems from various oil producing regions of the world were used in the development of the correlations. The example refinery flow scheme presented in figure 5.
The paraffinic series of hydrocarbon compounds found in crude oil have. Consists of alkanes isoparaffincs, saturated cyclic alkanes naphthenics, alkylated aromatics. It is commonly refined into various types of fuels. The naphthenic hydrocarbons with short side chains predominate in the paraffinic naphthenic hydrocarbons of the tyulen crude, and the paraffinic hydrocarbons with long chains are predominant in the paraffinic naphthenic hydrocarbons. Thats the good stuff paraffinic versus naphthenic crudes. It relates to the composition and oil content of the paraffin wax. The physical state of the paraffins depends on the number of carbon atoms in the. The relative percentage of each varies from oil to oil, determining the properties of each oil. Elemental analysis and ternary classification of crude oils. Determination of aromatic, paraffinic and naphthenic carbon. It is used as a corrosion prevention substance when applied as a lubricant. Both these crudes differ considerably in the content and nature of aromatic hydrocarbons. Nov 09, 20 composition of crude oil crude oil crude oil is defined as a mixture of hydrocarbons that existed in the liquid phase in natural underground reservoirs and remains liquid at atmospheric pressure after passing through surface separating facilities.
Instead, variations in hydrocarbon composition paraffins, naphthenes, and aromatics are used to classify crude oils, using a ternary diagram, shown in figure 2. For a given molecular weight, the normal paraffins have higher boiling points than do equivalent weight isoparaffins. A method for reducing paraffin or wax deposition in a crude oil storage or transportation vessel, the method comprising adding a composition of to a crude oil in an amount effective to reduce paraffin or wax deposition in the storage or transportation vessel containing the crude oil, wherein the crude oil has an api gravity of at least 33 and the composition comprises. Pdf crudeoil hydrocarbon composition characteristics and oil. The influence of flocculated asphaltenes on the wax crystallization tendency of a paraffinic crude oil and on the effectiveness of a maleic anhydride copolymer derivative paraffin inhibitor was evaluated by means of polarized light microscopy. Percentage composition of crude oil from which they corne. Difference between aromatic, paraffinic and naphthenic oil crude oil is a naturally mixture of hydrocarbons, generally in the liquid state, that may also include compounds of sulphur, nitrogen, oxygen, and metals and other elements. These long chains give the crude oil two properties. It is also used in diaper rashes, eczema and other skin treatments. This wax material is referred to as macrocrystalline wax. The specific composition of the base oil depends on the source of the crude oil. Labeled crops grapes kiwi citrus trees grapefruit, lemon, tangerine, orange, grapefruit pome fruits apples, pears.
Lyden oil company youngstown 3711 leharps drive youngstown, oh 44515 phone 1 800 3629410 fax. Al troner today the arbitrage window doesnt make much economic sense for most exports light louisiana sweet on the gulf. In some casual oil wells from the longhupaodaan terrace, crude oil from saertu oil. Testing color saybolt astm d 156 indirectly determines wax purity.
Paraffinic sludge reduction in crude oil storage tanks through the use of shearing and resuspension greg m. In the case of transformers there is a lot more historical data and knowledge on naphthenics than on paraffinics, and naphthenic oil has traditionally been considered the gold standard. Petroleum crude is the raw material used to obtain paraffin waxes among other derivatives. The correlation index is useful in evaluating individual fractions from crude oils. In appearance crude oils vary from straw yellow, green,and brown to dark brown or black in. Physical and chemical properties of crude oils and their. The spectra for oil samples were recorded from 2000 cm1 to 450 cm1 using 0. Three principal groups or series of hydrocarbon compounds that occur naturally in crude oil. In lubricating oils, the wax is removed in a refining process not. The pourpoint depressant ppd improves flow properties of waxy crude oil by modifying the morphology and structure of wax crystals, and this modification, i.
The chemistry of oil quenchants houghton international. Paraffin oil is a hydrocarbonbased liquid obtained from the fractional distillation of crude oil that is a component of polishes, sealing substances and other compounds. Crude oil paraffin content posted in refining, hydrocarbons, oil, and gas. Request pdf characterization of paraffinic compositions in crude oils the deposition and gelation of paraffin wax are among the significant risks in flow assurance during crude oil transportation. The analysis of several paraffinic crude oils revealed the presence of asphaltenes in the precipitated phase separated by filtrationcentrifugation. The ci scale is based upon straightchain paraffins having a ci value of 0 and benzene having a ci value of 100. Crude oil paraffin content refining, hydrocarbons, oil, and. Thirteen different base oils, selected from isoparaffinic, paraffinic, naphthenic and aromatic types, were tested. Request pdf characterisation of paraffinic compositions in crude oils the deposition and gelation of paraffin wax are among the significant risks in flow assurance during crude oil transportation.
Crude oils show a narrower range of kw and vary from 10. As the name suggests, paraffinic crude contains wax and generally have a higher api gravity, e. These crude oils can exhibit regional trends in chemical composition, placing them into one of the following groups. Composition of oil and gas tu delft opencourseware. I have paraffin content, pour point,density, boiling point of all components, molecular weight of all crude components. Crude oil may referred as sweet and sour crude oils. Sour crude crude oil containing free sulfur, hydrogen sulfide h2s, or other sulfurcontaining compounds in amounts greater than 1% is considered sour crude spe definition.
Elemental analysis and ternary classification of crude. Calpar paraffinic base stocks are ideal across a broad range of industrial and automotive applications including. The naphthenic hydrocarbons with short side chains predominate in the paraffinicnaphthenic hydrocarbons of the tyulen crude, and the paraffinic hydrocarbons with long chains are predominant in the paraffinicnaphthenic hydrocarbons. Characterization of paraffinic compositions in crude oils. Characterisation of paraffinic compositions in crude oils 159 figure 1 sample 1 chromatogram from gcms see online version for colours sample 1 the x and yaxes of the chromatogram denote the retention time which is the timeperiod required for each compound to elute. Calpar 4giii, the newest addition to the calpar product line, is a vhvi oil engineered to meet the api requirements for group iii base oil. Heavy fuel oil 3555% gasoline 515% distillate 2025% heavy fuel oil 6075% light crude product composition heavy crude asphalt 3% heavy fuel oil 6% low sulphur gasoline 4045% ultra low sulphur distillate 3540%. Relationship between waxy crude oil composition and change in. Occurrence and characterization of paraffin wax formed in. Quality and chemistry of crude oils academic journals. Pdf correlation between oil composition and paraffin. Paraffin oil definition, a white or colorless, tasteless, odorless, waterinsoluble, solid substance not easily acted upon by reagents, consisting of a mixture of hydrocarbons chiefly of the alkane series, obtained from crude petroleum. Some are predominantly naphthenes so yield a lubricating oil that is more sensitive to temperature changes than the paraffinbase crudes.
Other hydrocarbons can also be found within its composition. Naphthenic base oils refined from sweet crude oil distillates. It is used in the production of dyes, paints, pigments, wax, polythene, etc. Naphthenic base oils have a very low aromatic content and a low paraffin wax content. Chemical and physical properties of refined petroleum products. Paraffinic definition of paraffinic by the free dictionary. The composition and classification of many crude oils are obtained by ring analysis and by determination of the other constituents sachanen, 1950. The chemical composition is set by manufacturing processes to satisfy a range of performance, physical and toxicological properties obtained from crude oil complex substances of hydrocarbon components.
Consists of alkanes isoparaffincs, saturated cyclic alkanes. Crude oils contain all normal alkenes from khanorkar et al. For a given molecular weight, the normal paraffins have higher boiling points than. Characterisation of paraffinic compositions in crude oils. Nov 26, 2018 paraffin oil is a hydrocarbonbased liquid obtained from the fractional distillation of crude oil that is a component of polishes, sealing substances and other compounds. There are, however, some general relationships of crude oil composition that can be derived from pour point and viscosity data. Correlations between crude oil composition and paraffin inhibitors activity were assessed. Most conventional engine lubricating oils today are made from paraffinic crude oil. Paraffinic oil is very wellknown in the medical world. Crude oil characterization has long been an area of concern in refining. Sweet crude oil contains relatively little sulfur amount crude oil composition that can be derived from pour point and viscosity data. Viscosity is usually determined at different temperatures e. Petroleum refining and petrochemical processes fkit.
A clean waxy crude is defined as a crude oil in which there exist only hydrocarbons and wax as its only heavy organic constituent. As is the case with sour gas, the sulfurs must be removed from the crude oil before the oil can be refined and the refiner pays less for oil that contains sulfur. Paraffinic oil uses paraffin is not only used in the industrial purpose but is also used for medical purposes. The effect of base oil composition on pressuresensitive. This means that the composition of the crude is different in the western u.
Contain large proportions of asphaltic matter, and little or no paraffin. Heath1 and zdenek dundr2 abstrakt this paper presents a method of cleaning paraffinic crude oil sludge from storage tanks by shearing and resuspension using an inline jet mixer. In the industrial sector, it can also be used as solvent and lubricant. Individual members of the series have been recorded up to c 78 h 158.
The paraffins occur abundantly in crude oil, the normal straightchain varieties dominating over the branchedchain structures. Many people believe the term paraffinic to be synonymous with wax. Insecticidal paraffinic oil used against many insect pests and mites. Light naphtha balances include natural gasoline, the. The hydrocarbons in crude oil are mostly alkanes paraffins, cycloalkanes naphthenes and various aromatic hydrocarbons while the other. Components of petroleum are separated using a technique called fractional distillation, i. Paraffin oil is very useful in industrial processes. Dear sir, i have crude oil assay for 8 no of crudes from mangla, bombay high, basra lightheavy crudes. A comparative study on the hydrocracking for atmospheric. Light naphtha the light naphtha analysis provides balances for light paraffinic lean naphtha that is used as a feed for steam crackers, and boils typically between 50. Crude oils are complex but mainly paraffinic, napthenic and aromatic wang et al.
Difference between aromatic,paraffinic and naphthenic oil. Light crude is found throughout the world, but three benchmarks are commonly referenced and tend to set the standard in terms of price. Paraffinic crude oils are ri ch in straightchain and branched paraffin hydrocarbons, whereas naphthenic crude oils contaid mainly naphthenic and aromatic hydrocarbons. Diesel fuel properties mdec conference toronto, ontario. These asphaltenes are composed of the least soluble asphaltenes present in the crude oil as indicated by larger average solubility parameters. Remember that api is inversely related to density, so the greater the api, the lighter the oil. The vdk number allows an estimate of the properties of the mineral oil. I want to evaluate which all crude oils are paraffinic in nature with this data. In this study, we demonstrate how the chemical composition and viscosity of oils impact adhesive properties.
Four different types of hydrocarbon molecules appear in crude oil. Suitable for the overwintering and for the nondormant stages of insects. Pdf characterisation of paraffinic compositions in crude. Bureau of mines correlation index bmci or ci is useful for characterization of crude oil fractions. Determination of aromatic, paraffinic and naphthenic carbon in mineral base oils using ftir experimental 1 mm syringes with appropriate fittings were used to transfer the oil samples into the cell. Most crude oils contain some hydrocarbons that do not belong to either paraffins or naphtenes, as well as nsononhydrocarbons. Its composition is dominated by paraffins with the lowest content of aromatics. Traditionally, this has been done by simply stating the crude oil gravity, but more information is required to understand the oil well enough to estimate the volume in the reservoir and its recoverability. The answer is not so straightforward because the application will drive the choice of oil. Types of crude oils heavy oil science center home page. Commonly, the lower the pour point of a crude oil the more aromatic it is, and the higher the pour point the more paraffinic it is.
The chemical composition is set by manufacturing processes to satisfy a range of performance, physical and toxicological properties. Crude oil includes a broad range of hydrocarbonbased substances of varying chemical compositions and a wide. Mineral oil definition no clear definition petroleum industry. Each crude oil has unique molecular characteristics which are revealed by the use of crude oil assay analysis in petroleum laboratories. Most of the physical properties of crude oils such as a. Asphaltene characterization of paraffinic crude oils. Petroleum crude oil composition by weight element percent range carbon 83 to 87% hydrogen 10 to 14% nitrogen 0. The morphology and structure of wax crystals is one of the most important factors influencing flow properties of waxy crude oils.
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